How 6 Experts Manage Their Kids 529 Plans

Most parents want to provide a quality education for their children and many of them choose a 529 plan as the financial vehicle to achieve that goal. But how to select the right plan and how to manage that account through the years can be quite a challenge. For greater insight, we went directly to six financial experts who have opened and maintained 529 plans for their own children, to see what they looked for in a plan and for their best advice, based on personal experience. Name and title: Artie Green, a financial planner and adviser for PWJohnson Wealth Management in Sunnyvale, Calif. Children: Son, Brad, 19, who started college this year. 529 Plan: Ohio CollegeAdvantage 529 Savings Plan Contributions: In 2007 Green shifted assets from an UTMA, a trust established under the Uniform Transfers to Minors Act, to a 529 plan; though he did not contribute any additional funds, he let the investments grow over the course of two years. Rationale: Because California does not offer a state income tax break for 529 contributions, Green felt no particular need to stick with his state's plan. Instead, after consulting with Morningstar's ratings and searching for plans that offered low costs and plenty of investment options, he chose Ohio's plan. Speaking from experience: Don't discount costs. "One of the things we always try to do is minimize costs for our clients," says Green. "I think it's important to look at Morningstar's reviews because they tend to focus on costs. And if you're looking to manage the plan yourself, you'll also want to find a plan with lots of flexibility." Name and title: Rick Kahler, president of Kahler Financial Group in Rapid City, S.D. Children: London, 12, and Davin, 8 529 Plan: CollegeAccess 529 (Direct-sold), South Dakota Contributions: Kahler started funding the plans a month before each child was born. He continues to contribute on a monthly basis; he contributes $300 for his older child and $200 for his younger child. Rationale: In South Dakota 529 plan participants are required to set up a fund through a broker if they want to do anything other than an age-based plan; because Kahler wasn't interested in paying the extra fees to a broker, he chose the age-based plan. He also did a needs analysis to determine how much funding he should provide for each child based on the average cost of education. Speaking from experience: Watch what your adviser does, not just what he says. "I don't do anything different with my kids' 529 plans than I would with a client's. If you're not following your own advice, what does that say to the people who are?" Name and title: Ed Christiansen, a financial adviser with Merrill Lynch in Walnut Creek, Calif. Children: Trevor, 15; Kendall, 11; and Cameron, 8 529 Plan: NextGen College Investing Plan - Client Select Series, Maine Contributions: After setting all three plans up about eight years ago, Christiansen continues to contribute to each monthly. Rationale: Christiansen acknowledges he's biased toward his employer's plan, but he adds that he's appreciative of the plan's accessibility, the ease of automatic transfers, and the ability to get real-time information on investment performance. Speaking from experience: Remember to monitor your investments -- even if you've chosen an age-based plan. "A lot of folks put a hundred or two hundred dollars into a plan, and they forget about it, just like a 401(k) -- we're all guilty of it at times," he says. "But you need to know what your goals are and to make sure you're hitting them." Name and title: Joe Orsolini, CFP, and president of College Aid Planners in Glen Ellyn, Ill. Children: Steve, 5, and Matt, 3 529 Plan: Bright Directions College Savings Program, Illinois Contributions: Orsolini has contributed $100 monthly to each fund since his kids were born; he kicks in a bit extra for his sons' birthdays and Christmas to give each an even $2,000 each year. Rationale: With Illinois' generous tax deduction, Orsolini decided to stay in-state with his 529 plan. The multi-manager plan provides more flexibility to choose from among the best managers in the business, from global investments to bonds. Speaking from experience: Recognize that bigger isn't always better -- sometimes just getting started with a 529 plan is better than delaying or not getting started at all. "My philosophy is that children start out small -- and so can their college funds," he says. "The easiest thing to do is start small and use dollar-cost averaging through an automatic investment plan. As your annual salary gets bigger, you can start to put in more money." Name and title: Rick Carr, president of Richard Carr and Associates, Worcester, Mass. Children: Ben, 10, and Molly, 8 529 Plan: CollegeAmerica, Virginia Contributions: Carr has contributed monthly to the plans since Molly was born and Ben was 2 years old. He also contributes for various milestones, whether it's a first lost tooth or first hockey goal. Cash gifts from relatives also often go into the plan. Rationale: Carr did his homework. He first looked at the track records of the managers who were responsible for handling the assets in the 529 plans he was considering. And then he chose the one he felt had the best potential to generate returns he would be comfortable with over time. Carr, who says he's not a fan of age-based plans, which have a preset mix of stocks and bonds, looked for a manager he believed could cherry pick investments poised to do well. Speaking from experience: If you've got a good plan, don't ditch it just because the overall market hits a rough patch. "If you've got a well diversified portfolio that's appropriate from a risk standpoint, stick with it," he says. "It was enormously painful last year, but this year, most people will find that it'll work to their benefit." Name and title: Salvatore Cocco, a financial consultant with AXA Advisors in Nutley, N.J. Children: Michael, 27; Daniel, 24; and Ashley, 20 529 Plan: CollegeBoundfund (Direct-sold, Alternative R), Rhode Island Contributions: Cocco began monthly contributions to plans for his younger son and daughter shortly after the inception of 529 programs in 1996. He stopped funding a 529 for his daughter shortly before she went to college. Rationale: Cocco admits that the details are a bit fuzzy on criteria he used for the program he chose more than a decade ago, but he says cost, performance, and investment choices were among his top considerations. He was also familiar with AllianceBernstein and trusted their experience and expertise. Speaking from experience: Be prepared for unexpected costs. "In high school, my daughter wanted to go a school that had tuition costs of about $10,000 a year -- and I had saved for that. But as a sophomore, she said, 'You know, Dad, I think I'm ready to go (to another school).' So now she's going to a private university, and tuition costs went from $10,000 to $38,000. So you want to determine costs for the school you think your children might go to, as well as the one that might be a little bit more expensive and one that's a little bit cheaper." Posted October 9, 2009 Most parents want to provide a quality education for their children and many of them choose a 529 plan as the financial vehicle to achieve that goal. But how to select the right plan and how to manage that account through the years can be quite a challenge. For greater insight, we went directly to six financial experts who have opened and maintained 529 plans for their own children, to see what they looked for in a plan and for their best advice, based on personal experience. Name and title: Artie Green, a financial planner and adviser for PWJohnson Wealth Management in Sunnyvale, Calif. Children: Son, Brad, 19, who started college this year. 529 Plan: Ohio CollegeAdvantage 529 Savings Plan Contributions: In 2007 Green shifted assets from an UTMA, a trust established under the Uniform Transfers to Minors Act, to a 529 plan; though he did not contribute any additional funds, he let the investments grow over the course of two years. Rationale: Because California does not offer a state income tax break for 529 contributions, Green felt no particular need to stick with his state's plan. Instead, after consulting with Morningstar's ratings and searching for plans that offered low costs and plenty of investment options, he chose Ohio's plan. Speaking from experience: Don't discount costs. "One of the things we always try to do is minimize costs for our clients," says Green. "I think it's important to look at Morningstar's reviews because they tend to focus on costs. And if you're looking to manage the plan yourself, you'll also want to find a plan with lots of flexibility." Name and title: Rick Kahler, president of Kahler Financial Group in Rapid City, S.D. Children: London, 12, and Davin, 8 529 Plan: CollegeAccess 529 (Direct-sold), South Dakota Contributions: Kahler started funding the plans a month before each child was born. He continues to contribute on a monthly basis; he contributes $300 for his older child and $200 for his younger child. Rationale: In South Dakota 529 plan participants are required to set up a fund through a broker if they want to do anything other than an age-based plan; because Kahler wasn't interested in paying the extra fees to a broker, he chose the age-based plan. He also did a needs analysis to determine how much funding he should provide for each child based on the average cost of education. Speaking from experience: Watch what your adviser does, not just what he says. "I don't do anything different with my kids' 529 plans than I would with a client's. If you're not following your own advice, what does that say to the people who are?" Name and title: Ed Christiansen, a financial adviser with Merrill Lynch in Walnut Creek, Calif. Children: Trevor, 15; Kendall, 11; and Cameron, 8 529 Plan: NextGen College Investing Plan - Client Select Series, Maine Contributions: After setting all three plans up about eight years ago, Christiansen continues to contribute to each monthly. Rationale: Christiansen acknowledges he's biased toward his employer's plan, but he adds that he's appreciative of the plan's accessibility, the ease of automatic transfers, and the ability to get real-time information on investment performance. Speaking from experience: Remember to monitor your investments -- even if you've chosen an age-based plan. "A lot of folks put a hundred or two hundred dollars into a plan, and they forget about it, just like a 401(k) -- we're all guilty of it at times," he says. "But you need to know what your goals are and to make sure you're hitting them." Name and title: Joe Orsolini, CFP, and president of College Aid Planners in Glen Ellyn, Ill. Children: Steve, 5, and Matt, 3 529 Plan: Bright Directions College Savings Program, Illinois Contributions: Orsolini has contributed $100 monthly to each fund since his kids were born; he kicks in a bit extra for his sons' birthdays and Christmas to give each an even $2,000 each year. Rationale: With Illinois' generous tax deduction, Orsolini decided to stay in-state with his 529 plan. The multi-manager plan provides more flexibility to choose from among the best managers in the business, from global investments to bonds. Speaking from experience: Recognize that bigger isn't always better -- sometimes just getting started with a 529 plan is better than delaying or not getting started at all. "My philosophy is that children start out small -- and so can their college funds," he says. "The easiest thing to do is start small and use dollar-cost averaging through an automatic investment plan. As your annual salary gets bigger, you can start to put in more money." Name and title: Rick Carr, president of Richard Carr and Associates, Worcester, Mass. Children: Ben, 10, and Molly, 8 529 Plan: CollegeAmerica, Virginia Contributions: Carr has contributed monthly to the plans since Molly was born and Ben was 2 years old. He also contributes for various milestones, whether it's a first lost tooth or first hockey goal. Cash gifts from relatives also often go into the plan. Rationale: Carr did his homework. He first looked at the track records of the managers who were responsible for handling the assets in the 529 plans he was considering. And then he chose the one he felt had the best potential to generate returns he would be comfortable with over time. Carr, who says he's not a fan of age-based plans, which have a preset mix of stocks and bonds, looked for a manager he believed could cherry pick investments poised to do well. Speaking from experience: If you've got a good plan, don't ditch it just because the overall market hits a rough patch. "If you've got a well diversified portfolio that's appropriate from a risk standpoint, stick with it," he says. "It was enormously painful last year, but this year, most people will find that it'll work to their benefit." Name and title: Salvatore Cocco, a financial consultant with AXA Advisors in Nutley, N.J. Children: Michael, 27; Daniel, 24; and Ashley, 20 529 Plan: CollegeBoundfund (Direct-sold, Alternative R), Rhode Island Contributions: Cocco began monthly contributions to plans for his younger son and daughter shortly after the inception of 529 programs in 1996. He stopped funding a 529 for his daughter shortly before she went to college. Rationale: Cocco admits that the details are a bit fuzzy on criteria he used for the program he chose more than a decade ago, but he says cost, performance, and investment choices were among his top considerations. He was also familiar with AllianceBernstein and trusted their experience and expertise. Speaking from experience: Be prepared for unexpected costs. "In high school, my daughter wanted to go a school that had tuition costs of about $10,000 a year -- and I had saved for that. But as a sophomore, she said, 'You know, Dad, I think I'm ready to go (to another school).' So now she's going to a private university, and tuition costs went from $10,000 to $38,000. So you want to determine costs for the school you think your children might go to, as well as the one that might be a little bit more expensive and one that's a little bit cheaper." Posted October 9, 2009 How 6 Experts Manage Their Kids 529 Plans Most parents want to provide a quality education for their children and many of them choose a 529 plan as the financial vehicle to achieve that goal. But how to select the right plan and how to manage that account through the years can be quite a challenge. For greater insight, we went directly to six financial experts who have opened and maintained 529 plans for their own children, to see what they looked for in a plan and for their best advice, based on personal experience. Name and title: Artie Green, a financial planner and adviser for PWJohnson Wealth Management in Sunnyvale, Calif. Children: Son, Brad, 19, who started college this year. 529 Plan: Ohio CollegeAdvantage 529 Savings Plan Contributions: In 2007 Green shifted assets from an UTMA, a trust established under the Uniform Transfers to Minors Act, to a 529 plan; though he did not contribute any additional funds, he let the investments grow over the course of two years. Rationale: Because California does not offer a state income tax break for 529 contributions, Green felt no particular need to stick with his state's plan. Instead, after consulting with Morningstar's ratings and searching for plans that offered low costs and plenty of investment options, he chose Ohio's plan. Speaking from experience: Don't discount costs. "One of the things we always try to do is minimize costs for our clients," says Green. "I think it's important to look at Morningstar's reviews because they tend to focus on costs. And if you're looking to manage the plan yourself, you'll also want to find a plan with lots of flexibility." Name and title: Rick Kahler, president of Kahler Financial Group in Rapid City, S.D. Children: London, 12, and Davin, 8 529 Plan: CollegeAccess 529 (Direct-sold), South Dakota Contributions: Kahler started funding the plans a month before each child was born. He continues to contribute on a monthly basis; he contributes $300 for his older child and $200 for his younger child. Rationale: In South Dakota 529 plan participants are required to set up a fund through a broker if they want to do anything other than an age-based plan; because Kahler wasn't interested in paying the extra fees to a broker, he chose the age-based plan. He also did a needs analysis to determine how much funding he should provide for each child based on the average cost of education. Speaking from experience: Watch what your adviser does, not just what he says. "I don't do anything different with my kids' 529 plans than I would with a client's. If you're not following your own advice, what does that say to the people who are?" Name and title: Ed Christiansen, a financial adviser with Merrill Lynch in Walnut Creek, Calif. Children: Trevor, 15; Kendall, 11; and Cameron, 8 529 Plan: NextGen College Investing Plan - Client Select Series, Maine Contributions: After setting all three plans up about eight years ago, Christiansen continues to contribute to each monthly. Rationale: Christiansen acknowledges he's biased toward his employer's plan, but he adds that he's appreciative of the plan's accessibility, the ease of automatic transfers, and the ability to get real-time information on investment performance. Speaking from experience: Remember to monitor your investments -- even if you've chosen an age-based plan. "A lot of folks put a hundred or two hundred dollars into a plan, and they forget about it, just like a 401(k) -- we're all guilty of it at times," he says. "But you need to know what your goals are and to make sure you're hitting them." Name and title: Joe Orsolini, CFP, and president of College Aid Planners in Glen Ellyn, Ill. Children: Steve, 5, and Matt, 3 529 Plan: Bright Directions College Savings Program, Illinois Contributions: Orsolini has contributed $100 monthly to each fund since his kids were born; he kicks in a bit extra for his sons' birthdays and Christmas to give each an even $2,000 each year. Rationale: With Illinois' generous tax deduction, Orsolini decided to stay in-state with his 529 plan. The multi-manager plan provides more flexibility to choose from among the best managers in the business, from global investments to bonds. Speaking from experience: Recognize that bigger isn't always better -- sometimes just getting started with a 529 plan is better than delaying or not getting started at all. "My philosophy is that children start out small -- and so can their college funds," he says. "The easiest thing to do is start small and use dollar-cost averaging through an automatic investment plan. As your annual salary gets bigger, you can start to put in more money." Name and title: Rick Carr, president of Richard Carr and Associates, Worcester, Mass. Children: Ben, 10, and Molly, 8 529 Plan: CollegeAmerica, Virginia Contributions: Carr has contributed monthly to the plans since Molly was born and Ben was 2 years old. He also contributes for various milestones, whether it's a first lost tooth or first hockey goal. Cash gifts from relatives also often go into the plan. Rationale: Carr did his homework. He first looked at the track records of the managers who were responsible for handling the assets in the 529 plans he was considering. And then he chose the one he felt had the best potential to generate returns he would be comfortable with over time. Carr, who says he's not a fan of age-based plans, which have a preset mix of stocks and bonds, looked for a manager he believed could cherry pick investments poised to do well. Speaking from experience: If you've got a good plan, don't ditch it just because the overall market hits a rough patch. "If you've got a well diversified portfolio that's appropriate from a risk standpoint, stick with it," he says. "It was enormously painful last year, but this year, most people will find that it'll work to their benefit." Name and title: Salvatore Cocco, a financial consultant with AXA Advisors in Nutley, N.J. Children: Michael, 27; Daniel, 24; and Ashley, 20 529 Plan: CollegeBoundfund (Direct-sold, Alternative R), Rhode Island Contributions: Cocco began monthly contributions to plans for his younger son and daughter shortly after the inception of 529 programs in 1996. He stopped funding a 529 for his daughter shortly before she went to college. Rationale: Cocco admits that the details are a bit fuzzy on criteria he used for the program he chose more than a decade ago, but he says cost, performance, and investment choices were among his top considerations. He was also familiar with AllianceBernstein and trusted their experience and expertise. Speaking from experience: Be prepared for unexpected costs. "In high school, my daughter wanted to go a school that had tuition costs of about $10,000 a year -- and I had saved for that. But as a sophomore, she said, 'You know, Dad, I think I'm ready to go (to another school).' So now she's going to a private university, and tuition costs went from $10,000 to $38,000. So you want to determine costs for the school you think your children might go to, as well as the one that might be a little bit more expensive and one that's a little bit cheaper." Posted October 9, 2009 Most parents want to provide a quality education for their children and many of them choose a 529 plan as the financial vehicle to achieve that goal. But how to select the right plan and how to manage that account through the years can be quite a challenge. For greater insight, we went directly to six financial experts who have opened and maintained 529 plans for their own children, to see what they looked for in a plan and for their best advice, based on personal experience. Name and title: Artie Green, a financial planner and adviser for PWJohnson Wealth Management in Sunnyvale, Calif. Children: Son, Brad, 19, who started college this year. 529 Plan: Ohio CollegeAdvantage 529 Savings Plan Contributions: In 2007 Green shifted assets from an UTMA, a trust established under the Uniform Transfers to Minors Act, to a 529 plan; though he did not contribute any additional funds, he let the investments grow over the course of two years. Rationale: Because California does not offer a state income tax break for 529 contributions, Green felt no particular need to stick with his state's plan. Instead, after consulting with Morningstar's ratings and searching for plans that offered low costs and plenty of investment options, he chose Ohio's plan. Speaking from experience: Don't discount costs. "One of the things we always try to do is minimize costs for our clients," says Green. "I think it's important to look at Morningstar's reviews because they tend to focus on costs. And if you're looking to manage the plan yourself, you'll also want to find a plan with lots of flexibility." Name and title: Rick Kahler, president of Kahler Financial Group in Rapid City, S.D. Children: London, 12, and Davin, 8 529 Plan: CollegeAccess 529 (Direct-sold), South Dakota Contributions: Kahler started funding the plans a month before each child was born. He continues to contribute on a monthly basis; he contributes $300 for his older child and $200 for his younger child. Rationale: In South Dakota 529 plan participants are required to set up a fund through a broker if they want to do anything other than an age-based plan; because Kahler wasn't interested in paying the extra fees to a broker, he chose the age-based plan. He also did a needs analysis to determine how much funding he should provide for each child based on the average cost of education. Speaking from experience: Watch what your adviser does, not just what he says. "I don't do anything different with my kids' 529 plans than I would with a client's. If you're not following your own advice, what does that say to the people who are?" Name and title: Ed Christiansen, a financial adviser with Merrill Lynch in Walnut Creek, Calif. Children: Trevor, 15; Kendall, 11; and Cameron, 8 529 Plan: NextGen College Investing Plan - Client Select Series, Maine Contributions: After setting all three plans up about eight years ago, Christiansen continues to contribute to each monthly. Rationale: Christiansen acknowledges he's biased toward his employer's plan, but he adds that he's appreciative of the plan's accessibility, the ease of automatic transfers, and the ability to get real-time information on investment performance. Speaking from experience: Remember to monitor your investments -- even if you've chosen an age-based plan. "A lot of folks put a hundred or two hundred dollars into a plan, and they forget about it, just like a 401(k) -- we're all guilty of it at times," he says. "But you need to know what your goals are and to make sure you're hitting them." Name and title: Joe Orsolini, CFP, and president of College Aid Planners in Glen Ellyn, Ill. Children: Steve, 5, and Matt, 3 529 Plan: Bright Directions College Savings Program, Illinois Contributions: Orsolini has contributed $100 monthly to each fund since his kids were born; he kicks in a bit extra for his sons' birthdays and Christmas to give each an even $2,000 each year. Rationale: With Illinois' generous tax deduction, Orsolini decided to stay in-state with his 529 plan. The multi-manager plan provides more flexibility to choose from among the best managers in the business, from global investments to bonds. Speaking from experience: Recognize that bigger isn't always better -- sometimes just getting started with a 529 plan is better than delaying or not getting started at all. "My philosophy is that children start out small -- and so can their college funds," he says. "The easiest thing to do is start small and use dollar-cost averaging through an automatic investment plan. As your annual salary gets bigger, you can start to put in more money." Name and title: Rick Carr, president of Richard Carr and Associates, Worcester, Mass. Children: Ben, 10, and Molly, 8 529 Plan: CollegeAmerica, Virginia Contributions: Carr has contributed monthly to the plans since Molly was born and Ben was 2 years old. He also contributes for various milestones, whether it's a first lost tooth or first hockey goal. Cash gifts from relatives also often go into the plan. Rationale: Carr did his homework. He first looked at the track records of the managers who were responsible for handling the assets in the 529 plans he was considering. And then he chose the one he felt had the best potential to generate returns he would be comfortable with over time. Carr, who says he's not a fan of age-based plans, which have a preset mix of stocks and bonds, looked for a manager he believed could cherry pick investments poised to do well. Speaking from experience: If you've got a good plan, don't ditch it just because the overall market hits a rough patch. "If you've got a well diversified portfolio that's appropriate from a risk standpoint, stick with it," he says. "It was enormously painful last year, but this year, most people will find that it'll work to their benefit." Name and title: Salvatore Cocco, a financial consultant with AXA Advisors in Nutley, N.J. Children: Michael, 27; Daniel, 24; and Ashley, 20 529 Plan: CollegeBoundfund (Direct-sold, Alternative R), Rhode Island Contributions: Cocco began monthly contributions to plans for his younger son and daughter shortly after the inception of 529 programs in 1996. He stopped funding a 529 for his daughter shortly before she went to college. Rationale: Cocco admits that the details are a bit fuzzy on criteria he used for the program he chose more than a decade ago, but he says cost, performance, and investment choices were among his top considerations. He was also familiar with AllianceBernstein and trusted their experience and expertise. Speaking from experience: Be prepared for unexpected costs. "In high school, my daughter wanted to go a school that had tuition costs of about $10,000 a year -- and I had saved for that. But as a sophomore, she said, 'You know, Dad, I think I'm ready to go (to another school).' So now she's going to a private university, and tuition costs went from $10,000 to $38,000. So you want to determine costs for the school you think your children might go to, as well as the one that might be a little bit more expensive and one that's a little bit cheaper." Posted October 9, 2009 How 6 Experts Manage Their Kids 529 Plans Most parents want to provide a quality education for their children and many of them choose a 529 plan as the financial vehicle to achieve that goal. But how to select the right plan and how to manage that account through the years can be quite a challenge. For greater insight, we went directly to six financial experts who have opened and maintained 529 plans for their own children, to see what they looked for in a plan and for their best advice, based on personal experience. Name and title: Artie Green, a financial planner and adviser for PWJohnson Wealth Management in Sunnyvale, Calif. Children: Son, Brad, 19, who started college this year. 529 Plan: Ohio CollegeAdvantage 529 Savings Plan Contributions: In 2007 Green shifted assets from an UTMA, a trust established under the Uniform Transfers to Minors Act, to a 529 plan; though he did not contribute any additional funds, he let the investments grow over the course of two years. Rationale: Because California does not offer a state income tax break for 529 contributions, Green felt no particular need to stick with his state's plan. Instead, after consulting with Morningstar's ratings and searching for plans that offered low costs and plenty of investment options, he chose Ohio's plan. Speaking from experience: Don't discount costs. "One of the things we always try to do is minimize costs for our clients," says Green. "I think it's important to look at Morningstar's reviews because they tend to focus on costs. And if you're looking to manage the plan yourself, you'll also want to find a plan with lots of flexibility." Name and title: Rick Kahler, president of Kahler Financial Group in Rapid City, S.D. Children: London, 12, and Davin, 8 529 Plan: CollegeAccess 529 (Direct-sold), South Dakota Contributions: Kahler started funding the plans a month before each child was born. He continues to contribute on a monthly basis; he contributes $300 for his older child and $200 for his younger child. Rationale: In South Dakota 529 plan participants are required to set up a fund through a broker if they want to do anything other than an age-based plan; because Kahler wasn't interested in paying the extra fees to a broker, he chose the age-based plan. He also did a needs analysis to determine how much funding he should provide for each child based on the average cost of education. Speaking from experience: Watch what your adviser does, not just what he says. "I don't do anything different with my kids' 529 plans than I would with a client's. If you're not following your own advice, what does that say to the people who are?" Name and title: Ed Christiansen, a financial adviser with Merrill Lynch in Walnut Creek, Calif. Children: Trevor, 15; Kendall, 11; and Cameron, 8 529 Plan: NextGen College Investing Plan - Client Select Series, Maine Contributions: After setting all three plans up about eight years ago, Christiansen continues to contribute to each monthly. Rationale: Christiansen acknowledges he's biased toward his employer's plan, but he adds that he's appreciative of the plan's accessibility, the ease of automatic transfers, and the ability to get real-time information on investment performance. Speaking from experience: Remember to monitor your investments -- even if you've chosen an age-based plan. "A lot of folks put a hundred or two hundred dollars into a plan, and they forget about it, just like a 401(k) -- we're all guilty of it at times," he says. "But you need to know what your goals are and to make sure you're hitting them." Name and title: Joe Orsolini, CFP, and president of College Aid Planners in Glen Ellyn, Ill. Children: Steve, 5, and Matt, 3 529 Plan: Bright Directions College Savings Program, Illinois Contributions: Orsolini has contributed $100 monthly to each fund since his kids were born; he kicks in a bit extra for his sons' birthdays and Christmas to give each an even $2,000 each year. Rationale: With Illinois' generous tax deduction, Orsolini decided to stay in-state with his 529 plan. The multi-manager plan provides more flexibility to choose from among the best managers in the business, from global investments to bonds. Speaking from experience: Recognize that bigger isn't always better -- sometimes just getting started with a 529 plan is better than delaying or not getting started at all. "My philosophy is that children start out small -- and so can their college funds," he says. "The easiest thing to do is start small and use dollar-cost averaging through an automatic investment plan. As your annual salary gets bigger, you can start to put in more money." Name and title: Rick Carr, president of Richard Carr and Associates, Worcester, Mass. Children: Ben, 10, and Molly, 8 529 Plan: CollegeAmerica, Virginia Contributions: Carr has contributed monthly to the plans since Molly was born and Ben was 2 years old. He also contributes for various milestones, whether it's a first lost tooth or first hockey goal. Cash gifts from relatives also often go into the plan. Rationale: Carr did his homework. He first looked at the track records of the managers who were responsible for handling the assets in the 529 plans he was considering. And then he chose the one he felt had the best potential to generate returns he would be comfortable with over time. Carr, who says he's not a fan of age-based plans, which have a preset mix of stocks and bonds, looked for a manager he believed could cherry pick investments poised to do well. Speaking from experience: If you've got a good plan, don't ditch it just because the overall market hits a rough patch. "If you've got a well diversified portfolio that's appropriate from a risk standpoint, stick with it," he says. "It was enormously painful last year, but this year, most people will find that it'll work to their benefit." Name and title: Salvatore Cocco, a financial consultant with AXA Advisors in Nutley, N.J. Children: Michael, 27; Daniel, 24; and Ashley, 20 529 Plan: CollegeBoundfund (Direct-sold, Alternative R), Rhode Island Contributions: Cocco began monthly contributions to plans for his younger son and daughter shortly after the inception of 529 programs in 1996. He stopped funding a 529 for his daughter shortly before she went to college. Rationale: Cocco admits that the details are a bit fuzzy on criteria he used for the program he chose more than a decade ago, but he says cost, performance, and investment choices were among his top considerations. He was also familiar with AllianceBernstein and trusted their experience and expertise. Speaking from experience: Be prepared for unexpected costs. "In high school, my daughter wanted to go a school that had tuition costs of about $10,000 a year -- and I had saved for that. But as a sophomore, she said, 'You know, Dad, I think I'm ready to go (to another school).' So now she's going to a private university, and tuition costs went from $10,000 to $38,000. So you want to determine costs for the school you think your children might go to, as well as the one that might be a little bit more expensive and one that's a little bit cheaper." Posted October 9, 2009 Most parents want to provide a quality education for their children and many of them choose a 529 plan as the financial vehicle to achieve that goal. But how to select the right plan and how to manage that account through the years can be quite a challenge. For greater insight, we went directly to six financial experts who have opened and maintained 529 plans for their own children, to see what they looked for in a plan and for their best advice, based on personal experience. Name and title: Artie Green, a financial planner and adviser for PWJohnson Wealth Management in Sunnyvale, Calif. Children: Son, Brad, 19, who started college this year. 529 Plan: Ohio CollegeAdvantage 529 Savings Plan Contributions: In 2007 Green shifted assets from an UTMA, a trust established under the Uniform Transfers to Minors Act, to a 529 plan; though he did not contribute any additional funds, he let the investments grow over the course of two years. Rationale: Because California does not offer a state income tax break for 529 contributions, Green felt no particular need to stick with his state's plan. Instead, after consulting with Morningstar's ratings and searching for plans that offered low costs and plenty of investment options, he chose Ohio's plan. Speaking from experience: Don't discount costs. "One of the things we always try to do is minimize costs for our clients," says Green. "I think it's important to look at Morningstar's reviews because they tend to focus on costs. And if you're looking to manage the plan yourself, you'll also want to find a plan with lots of flexibility." Name and title: Rick Kahler, president of Kahler Financial Group in Rapid City, S.D. Children: London, 12, and Davin, 8 529 Plan: CollegeAccess 529 (Direct-sold), South Dakota Contributions: Kahler started funding the plans a month before each child was born. He continues to contribute on a monthly basis; he contributes $300 for his older child and $200 for his younger child. Rationale: In South Dakota 529 plan participants are required to set up a fund through a broker if they want to do anything other than an age-based plan; because Kahler wasn't interested in paying the extra fees to a broker, he chose the age-based plan. He also did a needs analysis to determine how much funding he should provide for each child based on the average cost of education. Speaking from experience: Watch what your adviser does, not just what he says. "I don't do anything different with my kids' 529 plans than I would with a client's. If you're not following your own advice, what does that say to the people who are?" Name and title: Ed Christiansen, a financial adviser with Merrill Lynch in Walnut Creek, Calif. Children: Trevor, 15; Kendall, 11; and Cameron, 8 529 Plan: NextGen College Investing Plan - Client Select Series, Maine Contributions: After setting all three plans up about eight years ago, Christiansen continues to contribute to each monthly. Rationale: Christiansen acknowledges he's biased toward his employer's plan, but he adds that he's appreciative of the plan's accessibility, the ease of automatic transfers, and the ability to get real-time information on investment performance. Speaking from experience: Remember to monitor your investments -- even if you've chosen an age-based plan. "A lot of folks put a hundred or two hundred dollars into a plan, and they forget about it, just like a 401(k) -- we're all guilty of it at times," he says. "But you need to know what your goals are and to make sure you're hitting them." Name and title: Joe Orsolini, CFP, and president of College Aid Planners in Glen Ellyn, Ill. Children: Steve, 5, and Matt, 3 529 Plan: Bright Directions College Savings Program, Illinois Contributions: Orsolini has contributed $100 monthly to each fund since his kids were born; he kicks in a bit extra for his sons' birthdays and Christmas to give each an even $2,000 each year. Rationale: With Illinois' generous tax deduction, Orsolini decided to stay in-state with his 529 plan. The multi-manager plan provides more flexibility to choose from among the best managers in the business, from global investments to bonds. Speaking from experience: Recognize that bigger isn't always better -- sometimes just getting started with a 529 plan is better than delaying or not getting started at all. "My philosophy is that children start out small -- and so can their college funds," he says. "The easiest thing to do is start small and use dollar-cost averaging through an automatic investment plan. As your annual salary gets bigger, you can start to put in more money." Name and title: Rick Carr, president of Richard Carr and Associates, Worcester, Mass. Children: Ben, 10, and Molly, 8 529 Plan: CollegeAmerica, Virginia Contributions: Carr has contributed monthly to the plans since Molly was born and Ben was 2 years old. He also contributes for various milestones, whether it's a first lost tooth or first hockey goal. Cash gifts from relatives also often go into the plan. Rationale: Carr did his homework. He first looked at the track records of the managers who were responsible for handling the assets in the 529 plans he was considering. And then he chose the one he felt had the best potential to generate returns he would be comfortable with over time. Carr, who says he's not a fan of age-based plans, which have a preset mix of stocks and bonds, looked for a manager he believed could cherry pick investments poised to do well. Speaking from experience: If you've got a good plan, don't ditch it just because the overall market hits a rough patch. "If you've got a well diversified portfolio that's appropriate from a risk standpoint, stick with it," he says. "It was enormously painful last year, but this year, most people will find that it'll work to their benefit." Name and title: Salvatore Cocco, a financial consultant with AXA Advisors in Nutley, N.J. Children: Michael, 27; Daniel, 24; and Ashley, 20 529 Plan: CollegeBoundfund (Direct-sold, Alternative R), Rhode Island Contributions: Cocco began monthly contributions to plans for his younger son and daughter shortly after the inception of 529 programs in 1996. He stopped funding a 529 for his daughter shortly before she went to college. Rationale: Cocco admits that the details are a bit fuzzy on criteria he used for the program he chose more than a decade ago, but he says cost, performance, and investment choices were among his top considerations. He was also familiar with AllianceBernstein and trusted their experience and expertise. Speaking from experience: Be prepared for unexpected costs. "In high school, my daughter wanted to go a school that had tuition costs of about $10,000 a year -- and I had saved for that. But as a sophomore, she said, 'You know, Dad, I think I'm ready to go (to another school).' So now she's going to a private university, and tuition costs went from $10,000 to $38,000. So you want to determine costs for the school you think your children might go to, as well as the one that might be a little bit more expensive and one that's a little bit cheaper." Posted October 9, 2009 How 6 Experts Manage Their Kids 529 Plans Most parents want to provide a quality education for their children and many of them choose a 529 plan as the financial vehicle to achieve that goal. But how to select the right plan and how to manage that account through the years can be quite a challenge. For greater insight, we went directly to six financial experts who have opened and maintained 529 plans for their own children, to see what they looked for in a plan and for their best advice, based on personal experience. Name and title: Artie Green, a financial planner and adviser for PWJohnson Wealth Management in Sunnyvale, Calif. Children: Son, Brad, 19, who started college this year. 529 Plan: Ohio CollegeAdvantage 529 Savings Plan Contributions: In 2007 Green shifted assets from an UTMA, a trust established under the Uniform Transfers to Minors Act, to a 529 plan; though he did not contribute any additional funds, he let the investments grow over the course of two years. Rationale: Because California does not offer a state income tax break for 529 contributions, Green felt no particular need to stick with his state's plan. Instead, after consulting with Morningstar's ratings and searching for plans that offered low costs and plenty of investment options, he chose Ohio's plan. Speaking from experience: Don't discount costs. "One of the things we always try to do is minimize costs for our clients," says Green. "I think it's important to look at Morningstar's reviews because they tend to focus on costs. And if you're looking to manage the plan yourself, you'll also want to find a plan with lots of flexibility." Name and title: Rick Kahler, president of Kahler Financial Group in Rapid City, S.D. Children: London, 12, and Davin, 8 529 Plan: CollegeAccess 529 (Direct-sold), South Dakota Contributions: Kahler started funding the plans a month before each child was born. He continues to contribute on a monthly basis; he contributes $300 for his older child and $200 for his younger child. Rationale: In South Dakota 529 plan participants are required to set up a fund through a broker if they want to do anything other than an age-based plan; because Kahler wasn't interested in paying the extra fees to a broker, he chose the age-based plan. He also did a needs analysis to determine how much funding he should provide for each child based on the average cost of education. Speaking from experience: Watch what your adviser does, not just what he says. "I don't do anything different with my kids' 529 plans than I would with a client's. If you're not following your own advice, what does that say to the people who are?" Name and title: Ed Christiansen, a financial adviser with Merrill Lynch in Walnut Creek, Calif. Children: Trevor, 15; Kendall, 11; and Cameron, 8 529 Plan: NextGen College Investing Plan - Client Select Series, Maine Contributions: After setting all three plans up about eight years ago, Christiansen continues to contribute to each monthly. Rationale: Christiansen acknowledges he's biased toward his employer's plan, but he adds that he's appreciative of the plan's accessibility, the ease of automatic transfers, and the ability to get real-time information on investment performance. Speaking from experience: Remember to monitor your investments -- even if you've chosen an age-based plan. "A lot of folks put a hundred or two hundred dollars into a plan, and they forget about it, just like a 401(k) -- we're all guilty of it at times," he says. "But you need to know what your goals are and to make sure you're hitting them." Name and title: Joe Orsolini, CFP, and president of College Aid Planners in Glen Ellyn, Ill. Children: Steve, 5, and Matt, 3 529 Plan: Bright Directions College Savings Program, Illinois Contributions: Orsolini has contributed $100 monthly to each fund since his kids were born; he kicks in a bit extra for his sons' birthdays and Christmas to give each an even $2,000 each year. Rationale: With Illinois' generous tax deduction, Orsolini decided to stay in-state with his 529 plan. The multi-manager plan provides more flexibility to choose from among the best managers in the business, from global investments to bonds. Speaking from experience: Recognize that bigger isn't always better -- sometimes just getting started with a 529 plan is better than delaying or not getting started at all. "My philosophy is that children start out small -- and so can their college funds," he says. "The easiest thing to do is start small and use dollar-cost averaging through an automatic investment plan. As your annual salary gets bigger, you can start to put in more money." Name and title: Rick Carr, president of Richard Carr and Associates, Worcester, Mass. Children: Ben, 10, and Molly, 8 529 Plan: CollegeAmerica, Virginia Contributions: Carr has contributed monthly to the plans since Molly was born and Ben was 2 years old. He also contributes for various milestones, whether it's a first lost tooth or first hockey goal. Cash gifts from relatives also often go into the plan. Rationale: Carr did his homework. He first looked at the track records of the managers who were responsible for handling the assets in the 529 plans he was considering. And then he chose the one he felt had the best potential to generate returns he would be comfortable with over time. Carr, who says he's not a fan of age-based plans, which have a preset mix of stocks and bonds, looked for a manager he believed could cherry pick investments poised to do well. Speaking from experience: If you've got a good plan, don't ditch it just because the overall market hits a rough patch. "If you've got a well diversified portfolio that's appropriate from a risk standpoint, stick with it," he says. "It was enormously painful last year, but this year, most people will find that it'll work to their benefit." Name and title: Salvatore Cocco, a financial consultant with AXA Advisors in Nutley, N.J. Children: Michael, 27; Daniel, 24; and Ashley, 20 529 Plan: CollegeBoundfund (Direct-sold, Alternative R), Rhode Island Contributions: Cocco began monthly contributions to plans for his younger son and daughter shortly after the inception of 529 programs in 1996. He stopped funding a 529 for his daughter shortly before she went to college. Rationale: Cocco admits that the details are a bit fuzzy on criteria he used for the program he chose more than a decade ago, but he says cost, performance, and investment choices were among his top considerations. He was also familiar with AllianceBernstein and trusted their experience and expertise. Speaking from experience: Be prepared for unexpected costs. "In high school, my daughter wanted to go a school that had tuition costs of about $10,000 a year -- and I had saved for that. But as a sophomore, she said, 'You know, Dad, I think I'm ready to go (to another school).' So now she's going to a private university, and tuition costs went from $10,000 to $38,000. So you want to determine costs for the school you think your children might go to, as well as the one that might be a little bit more expensive and one that's a little bit cheaper." Posted October 9, 2009 Most parents want to provide a quality education for their children and many of them choose a 529 plan as the financial vehicle to achieve that goal. But how to select the right plan and how to manage that account through the years can be quite a challenge. For greater insight, we went directly to six financial experts who have opened and maintained 529 plans for their own children, to see what they looked for in a plan and for their best advice, based on personal experience. Name and title: Artie Green, a financial planner and adviser for PWJohnson Wealth Management in Sunnyvale, Calif. Children: Son, Brad, 19, who started college this year. 529 Plan: Ohio CollegeAdvantage 529 Savings Plan Contributions: In 2007 Green shifted assets from an UTMA, a trust established under the Uniform Transfers to Minors Act, to a 529 plan; though he did not contribute any additional funds, he let the investments grow over the course of two years. Rationale: Because California does not offer a state income tax break for 529 contributions, Green felt no particular need to stick with his state's plan. Instead, after consulting with Morningstar's ratings and searching for plans that offered low costs and plenty of investment options, he chose Ohio's plan. Speaking from experience: Don't discount costs. "One of the things we always try to do is minimize costs for our clients," says Green. "I think it's important to look at Morningstar's reviews because they tend to focus on costs. And if you're looking to manage the plan yourself, you'll also want to find a plan with lots of flexibility." Name and title: Rick Kahler, president of Kahler Financial Group in Rapid City, S.D. Children: London, 12, and Davin, 8 529 Plan: CollegeAccess 529 (Direct-sold), South Dakota Contributions: Kahler started funding the plans a month before each child was born. He continues to contribute on a monthly basis; he contributes $300 for his older child and $200 for his younger child. Rationale: In South Dakota 529 plan participants are required to set up a fund through a broker if they want to do anything other than an age-based plan; because Kahler wasn't interested in paying the extra fees to a broker, he chose the age-based plan. He also did a needs analysis to determine how much funding he should provide for each child based on the average cost of education. Speaking from experience: Watch what your adviser does, not just what he says. "I don't do anything different with my kids' 529 plans than I would with a client's. If you're not following your own advice, what does that say to the people who are?" Name and title: Ed Christiansen, a financial adviser with Merrill Lynch in Walnut Creek, Calif. Children: Trevor, 15; Kendall, 11; and Cameron, 8 529 Plan: NextGen College Investing Plan - Client Select Series, Maine Contributions: After setting all three plans up about eight years ago, Christiansen continues to contribute to each monthly. Rationale: Christiansen acknowledges he's biased toward his employer's plan, but he adds that he's appreciative of the plan's accessibility, the ease of automatic transfers, and the ability to get real-time information on investment performance. Speaking from experience: Remember to monitor your investments -- even if you've chosen an age-based plan. "A lot of folks put a hundred or two hundred dollars into a plan, and they forget about it, just like a 401(k) -- we're all guilty of it at times," he says. "But you need to know what your goals are and to make sure you're hitting them." Name and title: Joe Orsolini, CFP, and president of College Aid Planners in Glen Ellyn, Ill. Children: Steve, 5, and Matt, 3 529 Plan: Bright Directions College Savings Program, Illinois Contributions: Orsolini has contributed $100 monthly to each fund since his kids were born; he kicks in a bit extra for his sons' birthdays and Christmas to give each an even $2,000 each year. Rationale: With Illinois' generous tax deduction, Orsolini decided to stay in-state with his 529 plan. The multi-manager plan provides more flexibility to choose from among the best managers in the business, from global investments to bonds. Speaking from experience: Recognize that bigger isn't always better -- sometimes just getting started with a 529 plan is better than delaying or not getting started at all. "My philosophy is that children start out small -- and so can their college funds," he says. "The easiest thing to do is start small and use dollar-cost averaging through an automatic investment plan. As your annual salary gets bigger, you can start to put in more money." Name and title: Rick Carr, president of Richard Carr and Associates, Worcester, Mass. Children: Ben, 10, and Molly, 8 529 Plan: CollegeAmerica, Virginia Contributions: Carr has contributed monthly to the plans since Molly was born and Ben was 2 years old. He also contributes for various milestones, whether it's a first lost tooth or first hockey goal. Cash gifts from relatives also often go into the plan. Rationale: Carr did his homework. He first looked at the track records of the managers who were responsible for handling the assets in the 529 plans he was considering. And then he chose the one he felt had the best potential to generate returns he would be comfortable with over time. Carr, who says he's not a fan of age-based plans, which have a preset mix of stocks and bonds, looked for a manager he believed could cherry pick investments poised to do well. Speaking from experience: If you've got a good plan, don't ditch it just because the overall market hits a rough patch. "If you've got a well diversified portfolio that's appropriate from a risk standpoint, stick with it," he says. "It was enormously painful last year, but this year, most people will find that it'll work to their benefit." Name and title: Salvatore Cocco, a financial consultant with AXA Advisors in Nutley, N.J. Children: Michael, 27; Daniel, 24; and Ashley, 20 529 Plan: CollegeBoundfund (Direct-sold, Alternative R), Rhode Island Contributions: Cocco began monthly contributions to plans for his younger son and daughter shortly after the inception of 529 programs in 1996. He stopped funding a 529 for his daughter shortly before she went to college. Rationale: Cocco admits that the details are a bit fuzzy on criteria he used for the program he chose more than a decade ago, but he says cost, performance, and investment choices were among his top considerations. He was also familiar with AllianceBernstein and trusted their experience and expertise. Speaking from experience: Be prepared for unexpected costs. "In high school, my daughter wanted to go a school that had tuition costs of about $10,000 a year -- and I had saved for that. But as a sophomore, she said, 'You know, Dad, I think I'm ready to go (to another school).' So now she's going to a private university, and tuition costs went from $10,000 to $38,000. So you want to determine costs for the school you think your children might go to, as well as the one that might be a little bit more expensive and one that's a little bit cheaper." Posted October 9, 2009

The Four Roman Gods of the Wind

The Romans personified the four winds, corresponding with cardinal relationships as gods, as did the Greeks. Both peoples gave the winds individual names and roles in mythology.   Gettin Windy With It Here are the winds, according to their domains. They are called the  Venti, the winds, in Latin, and the  Anemoi  in Greek. Boreas (Greek)/Septentrio, a.k.a. Aquilo  (Latin) - North WindNotos (Greek)/Auster  (Latin) - South WindEurus (Greek)/Subsolanus (Latin) - East WindZephyr (Greek)/Favonius (Latin) - West Wind Whats Up With the Winds? The winds pop up all over Roman texts. Vitruvius identifies a whole lot of winds. Ovid  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Ã¢â‚¬â€¹recounts how the winds came to be:  The world’s maker did not allow these, either, to possess the air indiscriminately; as it is they are scarcely prevented from tearing the world apart, each with its blasts steering a separate course. The brothers were kept apart, each with his own job.   Eurus/Subsolanus went back to the east, the realms of dawn, also known as Nabataea, Persia, and the heights under the morning light. Zephyr/Favonius hung out with Evening, and the coasts that cool in the setting sun. Boreas/Septentrio seized Scythia  and the seven stars of the Plough [Ursa Major], while Notos/Auster drenches the lands opposite [the northern lands of Boreas, a.k.a. the south] with incessant clouds and rain. According to Hesiod in his  Theogony, And from Typhoeus come boisterous winds which blow damply, except Notus and Boreas and clear  Zephyr. In Catulluss Carmina, the poet talks about his friend Furiuss villa. He recites, The blasts of Auster, Furius, miss your villa. Favonius, Apeliotes (a minor god of the southeast wind), Boreas skirt the estate†¦ That mustve been a really good spot for a house! Poor Zephyr didnt merit a mention here, although he was involved in the love affairs of the god Apollo. Both guys fell in love with the hunky youth Hyacinthus, and, angry at Hyacinthus favoring his other suitor, Zephyros caused the discus the hottie was throwing to hit him in the head and kill him.​ Bad Boy Boreas In Greek myth, Boreas is perhaps best known as the rapist and abductor of the Athenian princess Oreithyia. He kidnapped her while she was playing by the riverside. Oreithyia bore her husband daughters, Cleopatra and Chione, and winged sons, Zetes and Calais, ​according to Pseudo-Apollodorus. The boys ended up becoming heroes in their own right as sailors on the Argo  with Jason (and, eventually, Medea). Cleopatra married the Thracian king Phineus  and had two sons with him, whom their father blinded when their eventual stepmother accused  them of hitting on her. Others say that Phineuss in-laws, Zetes and Calais, saved him from the Harpies stealing his food. Chione had an affair with Poseidon and gave birth a son, Eumolpus; so her father  wouldnt find out, Chione dumped him into the ocean. Poseidon raised him and gave him to his own half-sister, his daughter, to raise. Eumolpus ended up marrying one of his guardians daughters, but he tried to get with his sister-in-law. Eventually, when war broke out between Eumolpuss allies, the Eleusinians, and his grandmothers people, the Athenians, the king of Athens, Erechtheus, Oreithyias father, ended up killing Eumolpus, his great-grandson. Boreas kept up his kinship with the Athenians. According to Herodotus in his  Histories, during wartime, the Athenians asked their windy in-law to blow the enemys ships to pieces. It worked! Writes Herodotus, I cannot say whether this was the cause of  Boreas  falling upon the barbarians as they lay at anchor, but the Athenians say that he had come to their aid before and that he was the agent this time.

Doomed From the Start Essay - 1385 Words

Doomed From the Start Throughout the course of history, blacks have always been second to the whites. Even after the Civil War, segregation and racists groups were at large. During this time, white men were disrespectful towards black men. Groups like the K.K.K. wanted nothing less than white supremacy, and they would stop at nothing to obtain this goal. Many blacks were lynched, or even killed only because of the color of their skin. The following are examples of this; the Scottsboro case, lynching by the Klan, and many forms of segregation from the 1920’s till 1930’s. Also in Harper Lee’s book, To Kill a Mockingbird, Tom Robinson never has a chance to plead innocent because of his black skin. During the 1930’s, nine young†¦show more content†¦He was one of many black men lynched by the K.K.K. Through research, the K.K.K. had a tremendous effect on the number of lynching in the south. It was estimated that between 1880 and 1920, two African-Americans a week were lynched in the U.S (Simkin, Web Site). Also, Ida Wells, the editor of Free Speech, did an investigation on past lynching. She discovered that 728 black women and men were lynched in a short period of time by numerous white mobs (Web Site). Of these 728 deaths, two-thirds of the deaths were for small offenses (Web Site). Shoplifting and public drunkenness were the most common offenses (Web Site). Finally, on March 9, 1892, three black businessmen were lynched in Memphis, Tennessee for no apparent reason other than that they were black (Web Site). Sadly, many innocent black people were killed for no reason at all. Along with lynching, many forms of segregation took place during this time. There were many given rules that blacks had to abide by such as eating in their own restaurants, using their own restrooms and water fountains, and attending black schools. Most of these black facilities were very unclean and not nearly as nice as white facilities. They also were not allowed to ride on a white person’s bus. One specific example of segregation took place in the town of Port Arthur, Texas. In 1911, the city commission voted to segregate the city residentially. This plan was to begin January 1, 1912.Show MoreRelatedThe Weimar Republic Was Doomed from the Start1546 Words   |  7 PagesWeimar was doomed from the start The Weimar Republic failed due to a popular distrust in democracy that was reinforced by severe economic crises and aggravated by the ‘Chains of Versailles’ and the actions of the right wing. Hyperinflation in the early 1920s and then the Great Depression from 1929 meant that the Weimar Republic never really prospered, and caused social upheaval in the form of a crime wave, as well as being tainted from the start by its association with the embarrassing Treaty ofRead MoreSymbolism In Lord Of The Flies Essay1278 Words   |  6 Pages William Golding kills off everything important to survival and by this he means that the world is doomed. So many significant objects are broken by the end of the book, The Lord of the Flies by William Golding, which is a novel about a bunch of inexperienced boys being trapped together on an island and are forced to find means of survival. There are a lot of symbols in this book that all represent the only way they can survive. Each symbol r epresents a piece of the world and how it functions. WithoutRead More Poetic Techniques of Wilfred Owen Essay1511 Words   |  7 Pageswar and the loss of religion. These can be seen in the three poems, ‘Anthem for Doomed Youth’, ‘Dulce Et Decorum Est’ and ‘The Last Laugh’, in which this essay will look into. The sonnet form is commonly adopted by Owen to tersely present his numerous ideas and to evoke contemplation. The elegy, ‘Anthem for Doomed Youth’, is written as a basic Shakespearean sonnet to mourn for the enormous loss of young soldiers from two distinct angles, the improper burials they obtained and the remembrance theyRead MoreEssay Anthem for Doomed Youth by Wilfred Owen1182 Words   |  5 PagesAnthem for Doomed Youth by Wilfred Owen The sonnet ‘Anthem for Doomed Youth’, by Wilfred Owen, criticizes war. The speaker is Wilfred Owen, whose tone is first bitter, angry and ironic. Then it’s filled with intense sadness and an endless feeling of emptiness. The poet uses poetic techniques such as diction, imagery, and sound to convey his idea. The title, ‘Anthem for Doomed Youth’, gives the first impression of the poem. 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As composers like Owen choose to establish new truths for their reader, we are made fully aware ofRead MoreWilfred Owen1266 Words   |  6 PagesIn this essay I will compare ‘Dulce et Decorum est.’ and ‘Anthem of a doomed youth’. ’Dulce et Decorum est.’ and ‘Anthem of a doomed youth’ are both poems written by Wilfred Owen. ‘Dulce et Decorum est.’ is a Latin phrase meaning ‘it is sweet and right to die for ones country’, in other words it is a great honour to give ones’ life up for ones’ country, like many of Owen’s poems this title is very ironic. ‘Anthem of a doomed youth’ employs the traditional form of a Petrarchan sonnet, but it usesRead MoreEssay on Anthem for Doomed Youth Commentary Wilfred Owen1216 Words   |  5 PagesThe sonnet ‘Anthem for Doomed Youth, by Wilfred Owen, criticizes war. The speaker is Wilfred Owen, whose tone is first bitter, angry and ironic. Then its filled with intense sadness and an endless feeling of emptiness. The poet uses poetic techniques such as diction, imagery, and sound to convey his idea. The title, ‘Anthem for Doomed Youth, gives the first impression of the poem. An ‘anthem, is a song of praise, perhaps sacred, so we get the impression that the poem might me about somethingRead MoreThe Doomed Battle Of Mankind Vs. Science1093 Words   |  5 Pages The Doomed Battle of Mankind vs. Science One thing that distinctly separates humans from other species is that man has the ability to challenge its intellectual curiosity effectively. Europa Report is a science fiction thriller about a doomed trip to Jupiter’s fourth largest moon Europa. Respectable scientists risk it all for the advancements that will be made it the name of science. Europa Report, released in 2013 by Magnolia Picture came into productionRead MoreEssay about Analysis of Anthem For Doomed Youth by Wilfred Owen937 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of Anthem For Doomed Youth by Wilfred Owen The first poem that I am to analyse is Anthem for Doomed Youth, written by Wilfred Owen. This poem is a sonnet. It has fourteen lines. In this poem, the first and fourth lines rhyme, as do the second and third. The first stanza is mainly about the battlefield, whereas the second stanza is more about the feelings of friends and family back at home. This poem starts off at a quick pace, and then slows down throughout Read More Comparison of Dulce et Decorum Est and Anthem for Doomed Youth1038 Words   |  5 PagesComparison of Dulce et Decorum Est and Anthem for Doomed Youth When I was searching for two poems to compare, I saw these two poems and wanted to explore them to find out how Wifred Owen uses language in different ways to warn future generations of the horror of war. Wilfred Owen fought in the First World War. He enlisted as most young men were doing, so that they could protect Britain. However, in the trenches he realized how horrific the war was and started to make notes about the conditions

Final Research Proposal and Factors

Question: Discuss about the Final Research Proposal and Factors. Answer: Introduction According to Laudon and Traver (2016), it has been found that along with the promotional procedures of civilization, the demands as well as needs of the clients change gradually. Moreover, it has been found that various business firms of different sectors aim to broaden and spread their businesses. In addition, the global businesses intend to develop international image as well as reputation after the launching of the procedure of electronic commerce business. Therefore, the worldwide customers of various geographical locations are able to purchase various services and products from any corner of the world by sitting in their own house only. Thus, it can be said that the global e-commerce standards makes the business firms capable to maintain an efficient communication between the company and the consumers of various geographical locations (Ferraro and Brody 2015). Therefore, the range of target customers increased as well as target market of the businesses also increased instantly. Nonetheless, this research study has performed a detailed study about the effect of the global e-commerce standards on the operations and regulations of the global business and worldwide clients. The electronic commerce businesses that are running successfully across the world include Flipkart, Ebay, Amazon and many more and it has been found that all these companies have already captured a principal place in the dominion of worldwide standards regarding e-commerce. Therefore, this research work mainly puts emphasis on the effect of various standards of global e-commerce on the global businesses (Da Costa 2016). Literature Review The theoretical underpinnings include in-depth analysis of the research proposal topic i.e. Impact of Global E-Commerce Standards on the Businesses. Therefore, the importance of the global e-commerce standards has been studied here in-depth. According to Cavusgil et al. (2014), the global e-commerce standards are considered as the technological process that assists an organization to accomplish and enter a new market through utilization of the advanced technology. On the contrary, it has been found that Ross (2016) argued all the consumers can obtain their desired services and products by sitting in their own house. According to Carroll and Buchholtz (2014), amidst the confused way of life of an individual, the appearance of global e-commerce businesses are considered as an efficient method for the clients. Moreover, this method of global e-commerce business helps people of various geographical locations to purchase different goods and to obtain different services easily from any par t of the world. Aspects that Affect the Global Standards of E-Commerce According to Sila (2015), the key aspects that affect the maintaining process of e-commerce businesses to a larger extent include the adequate internal resources of an organization and the incapability of its staffs as well as its management department. It has been found that as per Turban et al. (2015), an organization requires and possesses enough economic strength for bearing the expense of regulating an e-commerce business. This overall process of the e-commerce business is mainly based on the sophisticated technologies. As a result, this particular type of business firms should possess the potential to bear the expense of implementing modified technologies within the firm. Furthermore, it can be said that without implementation of accurate technologies, an e-commerce business is unable to operate its company successfully. Opined to Agarwal and Wu (2015), shortfall of modified technologies within an e-commerce business might hamper the overall procedure of the business. Thus, maintenance of an e-commerce business includes well trained and well skilled employees, such that the competency in the present market can be managed by the particular firm effectively. The reason behind this is that any technological change might put obstacle in the way of expanding the business and this might lead to declination of the business. As rightly put forward by Kasemsap (2015), there are various factors governing towards E-commerce adoption. Some of the factors are mentioned below with proper justification: IT Competence- This competence means the skill as well as knowledge of staff members who understand the function of E-commerce, communication and advanced information like internet and computer software in the daily activities (Vaidyanathan and Aggarwal 2015). It discusses regarding the major barriers for adopting as well as implementing e-commerce system like lack of resources, lack of technical knowledge and lack of skilled and qualified employees that obstructs adoption of E-commerce standards. Organizational support- This refers as the top management involving throughout the process that aligns with e-commerce activity of the firm (ztay?i and Kahraman 2017). Business Corporation adopts as well as implements E-commerce that require sufficient resources from the top management. The Top level management aims at managing with the sufficient resources and capabilities. They help in encouraging the team members for overcoming the problems as well as fostering cross-functional cooperation and communication at the same time (Boone and Kurtz 2013). Trust and Security- This refers as the web technology that help in protecting the unauthorized access of informational data as well as internet resources (Castka and Corbett 2015). Most of the results are taken from surveys and questionnaire on the topic E-commerce standards. Business Corporation has a fear in losing trade secrets and this will create reluctance at the entering the e-commerce business. In other words, Business Corporation is with high confidence as well as trust on security on e-commerce standards for adopting e-commerce. It has been found that web security as well as trust building considers as significant for e-commerce usage (Agarwal and Wu 2015). Moderating effects of competitive pressure -This reveals the fact that competitive pressures will be conducting intense competition at higher rates at the time of adopting technology innovation (Turbanet al.2015). Business Corporation tends to be more responsive as well as cautious based on actions of competitors in a competitive business environment. It means higher competitive pressure by adopting e-commerce technology. Therefore, competitive pressure will be moderate in nature as it will affect the relationship for adopting E-commerce adoption. Influence of Global E-Commerce Standards on Global Businesses and on Consumers As per Castka and Corbett (2015), the global e-commerce standards are awarded with an essential influence on the firm and the consumers. Opined to Boone and Kurtz (2013), the business can reach their services and brand image to the global customers across worldwide nations through e-commerce business. Therefore, the e-commerce companies like Amazon, Flipkart and Ebay have found to gain global reputation and international image. On the contrary, the clients are able to access the online portals of the firm and this helps to maintain transparency between the company and its customers. In addition to this, the consumer executives of these firms provide service to all its clients for overall 24 hours in order to treat customers of various geographical locations with equal dignity and respect (ztay?i and Kahraman 2017). Thus, international e-commerce businesses have found to gain brand image as well as reputation in the worldwide market. Background Information on the research topic It has been found that nowadays, the e-commerce business has expanded to large extent and it has become popular across the world. Therefore, e-commerce businesses have been started within the country and also across the geographical boundaries (Ferraro and Brody 2015). However, it has been found that like other offline businesses, the e-commerce businesses also have to follow certain guidelines and standards regarding global e-commerce standards (Vaidyanathan and Aggarwal 2015). The reason behind this is that any business that operates globally has to follow certain rules, policies and regulations. Similarly, for the e-commerce companies that want to operate its business across the world should follow certain global standards in order to run the business systematically and effectively. This particular standard is known as GS1 System and has created GS1 Network among 150 countries, 3.000 employees and greater than 111 member organizations (ztay?i and Kahraman 2017). According to certa in details, it has been found that more than 1.500.000 consumers are presently using the GS1 System (United-ecommerce.de 2017). The GS1 Approach includes identity, capture, share and use. Moreover, the global e-commerce standards include three types of channels, like single channel, multi-channel and Omni-channel. According to Kasemsap (2015), GS1 Standards generally make it simple for the individuals to invent and buy the goods from all over the world by sitting in their own house. Moreover, these global standards help in the growth of the business, reduces the expenses of the business, it manages risk as well as advantage consumer insights. Research Questions What is the impact of global e-commerce standard for the further progress of business? What are the primary factors that highly affect the business organization for maintaining global e-commerce standards? How organizations can expand their entire process of business with the help of global e-commerce standards? Research Hypothesis H0: Global e-commerce standards is possessed with a major impact on the emerging business organizations H1: Global e-commerce standards is not possessed with a major impact on the emerging business organizations Research Methodologies and techniques used for the research project Research Philosophy The method in which is conducted that may be conceive in terms of the investigate philosophy aligning with the investigate plan employment as well as utilization of research instruments (Welman, Kruger and Mitchell 2015). This will be in quest for the answer of a difficulty whereby investigate question and objectives are mentioned in the previous chapters. It discusses investigate attitude in relative with the other philosophy. It expounds explore approach involving the methodologies adopt by introducing the study instrument for utilizing the detection of goal. Research Philosophy is a belief by which data is composed, analyzed and used. The reason of discipline is the process for transforming things supposed into things known. There are three types of research philosophy named as Positivism, Interpretivism and Realism (Reinharz and Davidman 2012). Positivism reveals the fact that realism is steady as well as can be experiential from an object point of view (Perry 2013). This is contended that phenomenon should be isolated whereby there are repeated observations. This takes into consideration treatment of realism with variation in only single self-governing changeable for identifying regularities and forming association between ingredient basics of the communal planet. Interpretivism means making skewed understanding of and interference in reality that can be fully unspoken. This study of phenomenon consider under natural surroundings for acting as a input to Intreprevitist attitude. It is acknowledged whereby scientists fail in identifying interpretations. Interpretivism has a tradition that is less vigorous in comparison to that of Positivism. Realism is the combination of Positivism and Interpretivism philosophies (Peffers et al. 2015). Justification for using Positivism Philosophy At the time of conducting the research, researcher will be selecting Positivism Philosophy because it will help in gaining knowledge in a world which is objective by using scientific methods of enquiry (Newman and Benz 2013). The present topic on Impact of Global E-Commerce Standards on the Businesses requires using method associated with the Positivism paradigm such as questionnaire and survey conducted for getting the adequate data. Research Approach The significance of hypothesis to the learning provides characteristic features between deductive as well as inductive approach. Deductive approach tests the strength of assumption such as conducting theory or hypothesis (Marczyk, DeMatteo and Festinger 2015). On the other hand, Inductive approach contributes to the appearance of new theory as well as generalization. Justification for using Deductive Approach At the time of conductive research, researcher will be using deductive research approach that aligns with research topic Impact of Global E-Commerce Standards on the Businesses. In a deductive inference, when the premises will be true then the conclusion is also true. It generalizes from specific attributes (Kothari 2014). Data collection is used for evaluating propositions or hypothesis related to an existing theory. Researcher had used the information according to the steps used starting from theory and then conducting hypothesis. In this particular research topic, impact of Global E-commerce standards is taken into consideration that enables understanding the viewpoint of researcher (Vaidyanathan and Aggarwal 2015). Figure: Deduction Process (Source: Welman, Kruger and Mitchell 2015) Gantt chart Research behavior 1-4 4-8 8-12 12-16 16-20 20-24 24-28 Selection of the topic Analysis of the secondary basis outline of the investigation Literature appraisal and theories operation and research policy Research policy and technique Primary data examination Interpretation of Data examination Findings and study Conclusion and summing up arrangement of Draft Final compliance of the investigate Paper Research Process Figure: Research Process (Source: Welman, Kruger and Mitchell 2015) Step 1- Determining the research needs The first step is determining the research needs based on the research topic on Impact of Global E-Commerce Standards on the Businesses ((Reinharz and Davidman 2012). Researcher will be selecting the research topic on Impact of Global E-Commerce Standards on the Businesses that will help in understanding the Global E-commerce standards on the Business Corporation. Step 2- Gathering information from potential sources The second step taken by researcher will be gathering information from the potential sources. Researcher decides in collecting quantitative data by distributing questionnaire and survey to the employees (Reinharz and Davidman 2012). Step 3- Analyzing the information The third step taken by researcher will be analyzing the information collected from the quantitative data (Peffers et al. 2015). Step 4- Communicating the findings The forth step is communicating the findings from the above discussion aligning with the research topic on Impact of Global E-Commerce Standards on the Businesses. Step 5- Applying the results n the final step, researcher will be applying the results into proper course of action whereby they will analyze the data for getting future results (Peffers et al. 2015). Data collection and analysis In this particular research study, the researcher will gather detailed information and various data regarding the particular research topic from the customers of the global e-commerce companies, like Amazon, Flipkart, Ebay and many more (Sila 2015). Therefore, in this research, the researcher will collect primary data in order to perform an accurate study of the research topic. Moreover, the primary data resources help to gather accurate and exact data from the participants (Castka and Corbett 2015). Primary Data Sources In this research work, the researcher will perform quantitative analysis based on the data that is gathered from the primary resources that are the customers of the global e-commerce companies, who purchase goods and services from international companies through online (Carroll and Buchholtz 2014). The researcher will arrange for questionnaire survey and will distribute the questionnaires to the customers through online. On the basis of the gathered data, the researcher will perform the quantitative analysis in order to understand and analyze the problem statements clearly (Welman, Kruger and Mitchell 2015). However, based on the nature of the research topic, the researcher cannot arrange for face-to-face or telephonic interview and also cannot implement qualitative analysis for analyzing the data (Reinharz and Davidman 2012). The reason behind this is that as the research topic is about the impact of the global e-commerce standards on the global business, thus, the researcher cannot collect primary data from the managers of the global companies (Perry 2013). Secondary Data Sources The data that are collected from the company websites, peer reviewed journals and articles are termed as the secondary data sources. However, in this research study, the secondary data will not be sufficient for analyzing the problem statements (Newman and Benz 2013). Sample Size and Sampling Technique In order to keep the research work as well the research process simple, the researcher will gather data and information from a fixed sample size of 50 customers who purchase products from global e-commerce companies through online. Moreover, the researcher will select the participants of the questionnaire survey randomly (Marczyk, DeMatteo and Festinger 2015). Furthermore, in order to keep the entire process easy, the researcher will implement non-probability sampling technique in order to perform the research work successfully. Expected research outcomes It can be said that if the overall procedure of this particular research work is conducted orderly as per an accurate research procedure, then the outcomes are expected to be positive (Agarwal and Wu 2015). Moreover, the quantitative analysis of the collected data will help in gathering adequate response from the customers who buy products and attained services from the global e-commerce firms (Newman and Benz 2013). However, if these respondents co-operate accordingly with the researcher in this research process, then the data can be gathered easily and all these information will help to perform the entire research work systematically. Nevertheless, at similar time, the overall procedure of research work might knock down drastically due to the lack of values and ethical considerations. References Agarwal, J. and Wu, T., 2015. Factors influencing growth potential of E?commerce in emerging economies: An institution?based N?OLI framework and research propositions.Thunderbird International Business Review,57(3), pp.197-215. Boone, L.E. and Kurtz, D.L., 2013.Contemporary marketing. Cengage learning. Carroll, A. and Buchholtz, A., 2014.Business and society: Ethics, sustainability, and stakeholder management. Nelson Education. Castka, P. and Corbett, C.J., 2015. Management systems standards: Diffusion, impact and governance of ISO 9000, ISO 14000, and other management standards.Foundations and Trends in Technology, Information and Operations Management,7(34), pp.161-379. Cavusgil, S.T., Knight, G., Riesenberger, J.R., Rammal, H.G. and Rose, E.L., 2014.International business. Pearson Australia. Da Costa, E., 2016.Global e-commerce strategies for small businesses. Mit Press. Ferraro, G. and Brody, E.K., 2015.Cultural Dimension of Global Business. Routledge. Kasemsap, K., 2015. The role of e-business adoption in the business world.RayN. DasD. ChaudhuriS. GhoshA.(Eds.), Strategic infrastructure development for economic growth and social change, pp.51-63. Kothari, C.R., 2014. Research methodology: Methods and techniques. New Age International. Kumar, S. and Phrommathed, P., 2015. Research methodology (pp. 43-50). Springer US. Laudon, K.C. and Traver, C., 2016.E-Commerce 2016: Business, Technology, Society. Pearson Higher Ed. Marczyk, G., DeMatteo, D. and Festinger, D., 2015. Essentials of research design and methodology. John Wiley Sons Inc. Newman, I. and Benz, C.R., 2013. Qualitative-quantitative research methodology: Exploring the interactive continuum. SIU Press. ztay?i, B. and Kahraman, C., 2017. Quantification of Corporate Performance Using Fuzzy Analytic Network Process: The Case of E-Commerce. InDecision Management: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications(pp. 606-637). IGI Global. Peffers, K., Tuunanen, T., Rothenberger, M.A. and Chatterjee, S., 2015. A design science research methodology for information systems research. Journal of management information systems, 24(3), pp.45-77. Perry, C., 2013. Processes of a case study methodology for postgraduate research in marketing. European journal of marketing, 32(9/10), pp.785-802. Reinharz, S. and Davidman, L., 2012. Feminist methods in social research. Oxford University Press. Ross, D.F., 2016.Introduction to e-supply chain management: engaging technology to build market-winning business partnerships. CRC Press. Sila, I., 2015. The state of empirical research on the adoption and diffusion of business-to-business e-commerce.International Journal of Electronic Business,12(3), pp.258-301. Turban, E., King, D., Lee, J.K., Liang, T.P. and Turban, D.C., 2015.Electronic commerce: A managerial and social networks perspective. Springer. United-ecommerce.de. 2017.United-ecommerce.de. [online] Available at: https://www.united-ecommerce.de/fileadmin/images/one/one-international-ecommerce/rueckblick/vortraege/GS1-GlobalStandardsECommerce.pdf [Accessed 8 Feb. 2017]. Vaidyanathan, R. and Aggarwal, P., 2015. The impact of shopping agents on small business E-commerce strategy.Journal of Small Business Strategy,13(1), pp.62-79. Welman, C., Kruger, F. and Mitchell, B., 2015. Research methodology (pp. 35-40). Cape Town: Oxford University Press.

Use ParcCare Essay Samples to Help Your Students

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